美国第三代专业博士学位的形成与发展: 以理疗、护理专业博士为例

The Emergence and Development of the Third Generation Professional Doctoral Degrees in the U. S. by the Example of DPT and DNP

专业博士学位项目在美国高等教育中占有重要的地位。专业学位教育在美国从最初的从业培训，到学士、硕士、博士层次教育项目，再到近年来的新型专业实践博士，经历了一个规模扩张与模式变迁相辅相成的过程。本文以近年来发展最快的护理和理疗专业博士为例，主要从专业学位的演进、博士项目、培养单位和培养目标四个方面对美国专业博士学位的形成和发展过程进行初步分析。

Professional doctoral programs play an important role in the U. S. higher education system. Beginning as license and certificate programs， the professional programs later expanded and transformed to baccalaureate， master's， and doctoral programs. Focusing on the fast-growing DPT and DNP programs in the United States， this article examines the evolution of professional degrees ， program design ， institutional units providing the programs， and program objectives.