美国大学通识教育课程实践模式及哲学基础探析

Probing into the Curriculum Models in and Philosophical Foundation for General Education in U. S. Universities

美国大学的通识教育从源起到发展至今，经历了古典自由教育课程实践模式、自由选修课程实践模式、分布必修课程实践模式、经典名著课程实践模式、核心课程实践模式、主题联结式课程实践模式等，本文主要从教育哲学的视角出发，探讨分析这几种重要的课程实践模式以及相应的哲学基础理念背景，旨在从中发现通识教育相关合理的思想原则与理论方法，从而为我国的高等教育课程改革提供些许借鉴。

Since its birth， general education in U. S. universities has experienced six curriculum models ： classical liberal education，free electives，distribution of required courses，classical masterpieces ，core courses，and thematic bundles. From the perspective of educational philosophy，this paper analyzes these important curriculum models and the corresponding philosophical foundation，with a view to identifying ideological principles and theoretical methods for general education and implications for higher education curriculum reform in China.