教育为国家建设服务--1950年高教界关于“理论与实际一致”的争论

Education Should Serve National Development： Debates about “Unification of Theory and Practice” in the Higher Education Circle in 1950

1950年，全国髙等教育界围绕“理论与实际一致”的教育方针展开了一次大讨论。这次争论以改进工程教育的议题为切人点，逐渐扩展到大学与专科的性质任务、通才与专才的培养目标及院系调整等多个方面，其中万变不离其宗的主题是理论联系实际的教育原则。本文认为，这场争论本质上是高等教育适应论与高等教育引领说的争论，是一场深陷于价值悖论的泥潭而难分伯仲的争论。在当时的历史环境下，高等教育理应为国家建设服务，但也不能完全牺牲大学的学术性。

In 1950， the higher education circle held an extensive discussion on the educational principle of “unification of theory and practice”. The debate began with the topic of improving engineering education， and gradually expanded into various aspects such as the nature and mission of universities and colleges， the training goals concerning generalists and specialists， and university restructuring. The core issue was “the unification of theory and practice”. This article holds that the debate in essence was one between the higher education adaptation theory and the higher education leadership theory. It was a draw because of value paradox. Higher education should serve national development at that time， but it was wrong to sacrifice the academic nature of universities.