紐西蘭初等教育的發展與特色

The Development and Characteristics ofPrimary Education in New Zealand

本文主要目的以文獻分析法探討紐西蘭之教育發展概況、初等教育相關法令、初等學校課程、學校董事會組織與運作、毛利人初等教育，以及紐西蘭初等教育的特色，以供國人省思初等教育改革的參考。紐西蘭係離台灣不遠的國家，逐漸由傳統農業國家發展成科技工業化國家，其教育的成就功不可沒。紐西蘭教育部掌管全國的教育，另設有教育審查署。紐西蘭的學制主要分為：學前教育、義務教育（包含初等與中等教育）、高等教育等三大層級。初等教育學童5歲入學，11歲畢業，義務教育共有15年。紐西蘭的初等教育有九大特色：（一）初等教育普及且成功；（二）實施全國課程；（三）實施關鍵能力政策；（四）訂定重要學習領域；（五）強調社區參與；（六）推展「發展帶」概念；（七）重視家長參與；（八）推展多元文化教育；（九）實施學校董事會制。

This article is a documentary analysis of the development and characteristics of primary education in New Zealand. It includes the general development of education， laws and regulations for primary education， curriculum， school board of trustees， the education for Māoris， and its specialty. Such education has contributed greatly， transforming New Zealand Transiting from a traditional agricultural country to a high technical country. Besides the Ministry of Education which is concerned with general policy of education， the Education Review Office has the duty to monitor the effectiveness of national education. Early childhood education， compulsory education， and tertiary education are three main levels of education. Our analysis displays the following characteristics of New Zealand's education: (1) the success of primary education， (2) The role of national curriculum， (3) a completion of the key competency indicators; (4) the construction of main learning arrears， (5) the emphasis on community involvement; (6) the role of the