美国大学终身教职制度改革的路径——从制度主义的视角分析

The Path Choice of Tenure Reform in United States: the Perspective of Institutionalism

国大学终身教职制度对于美国大学学术繁荣和高等教育发展起了比较重要的作用，但有其局限性，因此目前很多学者呼吁改革终身教职制度。终身教职的产生、发展及改革经历了漫长的历史过程。在新公共管理改革的背景下，终身教职制度受到多方面的批评，美国大学在各种内外力量的推动下，纷纷推出了终身教职制度改革的措施或替代方案，这也许预示着未来终身教职改革的发展方向。

American university tenure system has played an important role in making the academic prosperity of American university and the development of higher education. But it has its limitation. In recent years many scholars call for the reform of academic tenure system. Under the background of new public management reform，tenure system is criticized by people from different areas. Pushed by various internal and external forces，American universities launched tenure system reform measures or alternative program. This maybe herald the future development direction of tenure reform.