日本高等教育财政倾斜配置及其效果分析

The Uneven Distribution of Financial Resources in Japan's Higher Education System and Its Effect

日本基于效率、公平准则制定了各种高等教育财政分配制度。但在分配结构中，各制度所占比例差距甚大，凸显出效率优先的基本准则和“以国立为主、研究型为重”的分配模式。实践证明，该模式是日本实现高等教育财政追求学术卓越之功能的最佳选择。虽然倾斜配置政策出现了诸多问题，特别在效率与公平问题上，教育界提出各种质疑，但在教育资源有限的条件下，过度优先效率和效能或许是无奈之举。

Japan's higher education financing system is based on the principle of "giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness". The distribution structure of the financing system is characterized by a preference for state -owned and research -oriented universities. Despite some problems occurred and controversies over the relationship between efficiency and fairness, this mode has been proved to be the best choice in achieving academic excellence in Japan's higher education, especially when the educational resources are limited.