刻意練習在產品設計課程上的應用

An Application of Deliberate Practice in a Product Design Curriculum

產品設計課程最常採用的是專題實作的教學模式，學生藉由實際執行產品設計的過程中累積設計能力。然而，設計生手因缺乏經驗，需付出許多摸索的時間。本研究把刻意練習的概念導入到產品設計課程中，讓設計生手能作有效率的學習，並快速增進自己的設計表現。研究中提出臨摹作品、設計衍生、教師回饋和適度休息四個刻意練習的步驟，並在產品設計課程中進行練習。結果發現，設計生手可以細微地觀察設計處理的方式，也可以直接體驗資深設計師的設計思考模式，並將臨摹的作品儲存於長期記憶中。除此之外，透過設計衍生的練習，發現能有效活絡設計生手的聯想和思考能力。因此，設計生手若能按照刻意練習的四個步驟進行訓練，或許能快速提升設計能力。

Learning through design projects is a crucial part of industrial design education. Under these projects, students may accumulate design capacity from the actual process of design. Due to lack of experience, design novices spend a lot of time fumbling around. This study aimed to facilitate and advance students' learning by adopting the concept of "deliberate practice". This study proposed a four-step deliberate learning practice method for product design learning: imitating, development, teaching feedback, and relaxation. Through imitating the work of design masters, novices will naturally appreciate the specifics of the accumulated examples of master pieces, and their repertoire of product design could be extended. Eventually, relevant information might be stored in long-term memory. Moreover, through product development practice, novice designers could increase their associated thinking skills. Training novices with the four-step deliberate learning practice method would improve design performance rapidly.