校長領導行為之IPA分析：兼論國小校長領導之未來展望

Importance-Performance Analysis of Principals’ Leadership Behavior: Future Prospects for Elementary School Principal Leadership

教育改革風起雲湧，校長站上火線領導教師，為教師服務，漸受教師關注。新課綱要求校長公開授課，使校長教學領導、課程領導被重視，但教師看待四種領導行為（教學、課程、火線、服務）的重要性如何？校長實際表現度又如何？卻鮮少有研究討論。本研究抽樣三個縣市之國小教師與幼教人員實施問卷調查，以重要性—績效分析（Importance Performance Analysis, IPA）分析校長教學領導、課程領導、服務領導、火線領導等問卷題項發現，重要性與表現度的許多題項落在「繼續維持」、「供需皆低」，這表示國小校長實際表現的領導行為與教師知覺領導行為的重要性一致，即目前學校被領導在對的方向。但服務領導之「校長關懷教師需求」、火線領導之「親上火線，有時並能跳脫火線為大局思考」二題項供給不足，是未來可努力的方向。

As education reform is in full swing, principals are on the firing line to lead and serve teachers, which is gradually attracting teachers’ attention. The new curriculum in Taiwan requires principals to teach in public. Principals’ instructional and curriculum leadership have been emphasized as a result. However, how essential do teachers perceive the four leadership behaviors (instructional, curriculum, firing line, and servant)? How well do principals perform? The literature on this topic is limited. As such, this study administered questionnaires to a sample of elementary school and kindergarten teachers in three counties and cities in Taiwan. The Importance-Performance Analysis on the questionnaire items of principals’ instructional leadership, curriculum leadership, servant leadership, and firing line leadership were examined. The analysis revealed that many items in importance and performance fell into “keep up the good work” and “low priority.” This finding suggests that the actual leadership behaviors exhibited by elementary school principals were consistent with teachers’ perceived importance of leadership behaviors, i.e., the schools are currently being led in the right direction. However, the supply of servant leadership: “principals are attentive to teachers’ needs” and firing line leadership: “principals are on the firing line and sometimes think outside the firing line for the greater good” were limited. These factors should be the focus of future research.