公辦公營實驗教育中小學校長領導職能指標建構之研究

Constructing Indicators of Leadership Competencies of Principals of State-run Elementary and Secondary Experimental Schools in Taiwan

近年來，臺灣家長教育選擇權高漲，致使以學校型態辦理實驗教育校數逐年增加，其教育樣態也多有不同，在實驗教育學校經營上，校長領導扮演了相當關鍵的角色，然目前臺灣研究實驗教育者較少對校長領導議題進行探究，又或者多強調校長領導模式、作為及特質，少見校長領導職能相關之研究。所謂職能，係指個人在職務中，出現具備高績效之行為與特質，涵蓋個人價值觀及思想、策略作為、信念及其內外形象等。而領導職能可反映於後續經營作為與成效上，有其研究價值存在。因此，本研究探究臺灣實驗教育學校中占比最高之公辦公營實驗教育中小學，探討其校長領導職能內涵並建構指標，用以瞭解公辦公營實驗教育中小學校長領導職能指標及其實踐與應用。蒐集教育行政人員、學者專家與公辦公營實驗教育中小學校長回應資料，採用德懷術建構領導職能指標之層面、向度與指標，其後運用層級分析法分析各指標的重要性，發展出公辦公營實驗教育中小學校長領導職能指標系統共有七層面、21個向度與59項具體指標。最後，依據研究結論提出後續研究建議，以供相關學校校長發展領導職能參酌，教育行政主管機關亦可結合該校實驗教育評鑑結果交互檢視校長領導之成效。

With the rise of parental choice and the growing importance attached to school education, the number of experimental education schools in Taiwan has been consistently increasing during recent years, often having several different education styles. Although principals’ leadership plays a decisive role in the management of experimental schools, very few researchers and educators in Taiwan have examined the issue of principals’ leadership to date. Research on the subject is mostly limited to principals’ leadership styles, actions and traits, eschewing the fundamental aspect of leadership competencies. The term “competencies” refers to the personal traits that determine a person’s work performance, such as one’s personal thinking, value system, judgment, behaviors, beliefs, and self-image. These attributes impact the operations and effectiveness of the school, so warranting additional research. This study focused on state-run experimental schools, with emphasis on constructing indicators of principals’ leadership competencies. The indicators that were at the core of leadership competencies for the principals of these schools were identified, following with an examination of their applications. The Delphi technique was employed to construct the dimensions, items, and indicators, and the analytical hierarchy process was used to understand their respective levels of importance. Seven dimensions, 21 items, and 59 indicators were identified during this research. Based on the conclusions drawn at the end of the study, suggestions are submitted on ways to reinforce those principals’ leadership competencies, which can be combined with an assessment of experimental education to verify the effectiveness of leadership between them.