家庭社經地位、自我概念與學業成就對大學生創業意願之影響：創業教育政策意涵

The Influence of Family Socio-Economic Status, Self-Concept and Academic Achievement on College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: An Implication of Entrepreneurship Education Policy

臺灣產業以中小企業為主，青年創業能夠活絡經濟，憑藉著創意、高度適應力、靈活又富韌性的特點，堪稱臺灣經濟奇蹟的推手。然而，哪些因素造就了臺灣青年勇於創新的創業意願？是家庭社經條件的支持、學校創業教育的培育，還是創業者本身擁有求新求變的人格特質？本研究將探討家庭社經地位透過自我概念與學業成績對於創業意願之影響，針對目前就學中的525位公、私立大學生為研究對象，以遠程中介模型進行實證分析。分析結果顯示，家庭社經地位對於大學生自我概念、學業成績及創業意願皆有顯著作用，自我概念對於創業意願也具有直接影響。然而，研究結果亦顯示，社經地位會透過自我概念對創業意願產生影響，學業成績在此過程中並不扮演中介角色；也就是說，即使學校的課業成績較佳，也不會提升創業的意願，可見國內大學的創業教育還有進步空間。最後，結合2015年聯合國宣布之「2030永續發展目標」，提供教育政策制定者規劃創業課程之建議。

Taiwan’s industry is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises. Youth entrepreneurship can activate the economy. With the characteristics of creativity, high adaptability, flexibility and resilience, It can be called the driving force behind the miracle of Taiwan’s economic growth. However, what factors have created the entrepreneurial willingness of Taiwanese youth to be innovative? Is it the support of the family’s socio-economic status, the cultivation of entrepreneurship education in college, or the personality traits of entrepreneurs themselves that seek innovation and change? This study will explore how family socio-economic status affects entrepreneurial intentions through self-concept and academic achievement. A serial mediating model is used to conduct an empirical analysis on 525 public and private college students currently in school. The results show that family socioeconomic status has a significant effect on college students’ self-concept, academic achievement and entrepreneurial intention, and self-concept also has a direct impact on entrepreneurial intention. However, the serial mediating model shows that socioeconomic status can affect entrepreneurial intention through self-concept, and academic achievement does not play a mediating role in this process; that is, even better academic achievement in college will not increase entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship education in Taiwan’s universities still needs to be improved. Finally, this study provides suggestions for education policy makers to plan entrepreneurship curricula in conjunction with the “2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)” announced by the United Nations in 2015.