我國大學跨國雙聯學位學制：效益、現況與挑戰

The Cross-Nation Dual/Double Degree System of Universities in Taiwan: Benefits, Circumstances, and Challenges

大學跨國雙聯學位學制，傳統上指的是兩個國家的兩所大學之間的跨國合作學生培育機制，即透過雙方的認可，完成修業過程的學生可以同時取得兩所大學的學位的制度。雙聯學位可以是同一學位階段或不同學位階段的組合。國際上，雙聯學位重視跨領域以及多元化的學習，學位頒授的數量以及合作的形式也朝多元組合發展。跨國雙聯學位學制對於國家層級的效益有增進區域之間的合作、提升國家之間的相互理解與文化包容，以及增進跨國高等教育系統的合作與規模；對於大學機構層級的效益有增進機構之國際聲望、拓展機構的國際學術合作，以及協助機構的國內外招生；對於個人的效益有節約時間與經濟成本、增進國際觀與就業力、跨國升學機會的提升。據我國目前跨國雙聯學位的現況統計資料，跨國雙聯學生數呈現整體成長趨勢，一般大學成長顯著高於技專校院，外國雙聯博士生人數顯著成長，本國雙聯學生目的國以美、日、歐居多，外國雙聯學生則多數來自東南亞。本研究歸納出推展跨國雙聯學位學制所需面臨的挑戰，包含對於雙方學校教學負擔的增加、確保經濟文化不利學生參與的機會，以及雙方學校需要凝聚共識並做好雙方教學與學習品質的規劃。

Cross-nation dual/double degree refers to two universities in two nations established a collaborative mechanism for educating students. Students can obtain two degrees by completing the education requirements of dual degree programs. Dual degree can be a combination of the same educational level or different educational levels. The international development of dual degree emphasized interdisciplinary and diverse learning experiences. The number of academic degree and collaborative form also move toward multiple and diverse approaches. The benefits of dual degree for national level include fostering mutual understanding and cultural tolerance, and to enhance collaborations between higher education systems. For institutional level, dual degree program can help international recognition, international academic collaboration, and to attract more students. For participating students, they can save time and costs for dual degrees, to enlarge personal international perspectives and employability, and to gain further education opportunities internationally. The national statistical analysis found there is a macro growth of dual degree students in Taiwan. Academic track universities have more dual degree students than vocational track universities. Foreign dual degree students significantly increase in the level of doctoral education. Domestic dual degree students tend to choose universities in the United States, Japan, and Europe, while foreign dual degree students mostly from Southeast Asian countries. The challenges of dual degree programs include to increase teaching loading for both universities, to ensure opportunities of dual degree for students from lower SES backgrounds, and to foster mutual recognition and ensure teaching and learning quality of dual degree programs.