荷蘭與世界奎寧供應市場之競爭，1870-1928

Dutch Enterprise in the Global Quinine Market, 1870-1928

本研究旨在探討荷蘭如何於1920年前後取得世界奎寧供應市場的獨占地位，在歐洲各帝國欲藉發展奎寧原料產業以確保供應的歷史背景上，首先闡述英國與荷蘭如何在殖民地成功地建立奎寧原料產業並相互競爭世界奎寧原料供應龍頭，其次論證荷蘭所採取能夠排除潛在市場競爭者的商業策略，是其得以擊敗已具市場優勢之英國的關鍵。荷蘭進一步藉第一次世界大戰賦予其完全掌控世界奎寧資源的機會，成就其獨占世界奎寧供應市場的格局。上述討論不僅在既有研究的基礎上，補充說明日本帝國於殖民地臺灣發展金雞納樹栽培業的世界史背景，更指出荷蘭獨占世界奎寧供應的市場格局不僅讓荷蘭能以奎寧為政治工具，亦對此後世界各國的瘧疾治理構成隱憂。

This article examines how the Dutch achieved a monopoly of the global quinine market before 1920, in the context of European colonial powers developing their own cinchona plantation enterprises to secure imperial supplies. The essay first describes Anglo-Dutch competition for cinchona market domination in the second half of the 19th century. Second, it argues that the commercial strategies employed by the Dutch were crucial in their outmaneuvering of Britain, the former market leader, and that the Dutch utilized the opportunities presented by the First World War to complete the monopolization of the quinine market. This article provides deeper global context for aspects of history such as the Japanese colonial cinchona enterprise in Taiwan and posits that the Dutch used the monopolization of the quinine supply as a political tool to influence the governance of malaria control.