桃園市公共化及準公共幼兒園之推動情形與地區分布

Practice and Geographical Distribution of Publicized Preschools and Quasi-Public Preschools in Taoyuan City

桃園市育齡婦女總生育率為臺灣六個直轄市中之最高者，且高於全國平均，基於聯合國人口基金（United Nations Population Fund, UNPF）相關報告，完善兒童托育服務機制（如兒童托育補助、托育覆蓋率等）及公共化兒童托育可刺激生育率提升或支持雙薪家庭生育，故本研究試著以桃園市為例，探討其公共化及準公共幼兒園之推動現況與地區分布。結果發現：一、整體桃園市2021學年度平價幼兒園（含公共化及準公共）供給率達48.1%，若僅依靠公共化幼兒園（22.2%）實有不足，需結合準公共幼兒園（25.9%）始能補足並加速擴大桃園市平價教保服務；二、桃園市各區之公共化及平價幼兒園供給情形，存在區域性的差異與供需失衡問題；三、桃園市整體幼兒園兩歲專班顯有不足，尤其亟待擴充平價收費之兩歲專班；四、桃園市公共化及準公共幼兒園之各據點，大多於人口密度較高之行政區形成空間群聚，另交通要道周邊也易形成群聚。本研究據以提出相關建議，供有關機關參考。

The total fertility rate of Taoyuan City is the highest among the 6 municipalities directly under the central government in Taiwan. As the relevant report of the United Nations Population Fund pointed out, “good childcare system” (such as childcare subsidies and childcare coverage) and public childcare may stimulate the fertility rate or support fertility decisions of dual-earner couples. Consequently, the practice and geographical distribution of publicized preschools and quasi-public preschools in Taoyuan City was the main concern of this paper. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. The overall supply rate of affordable preschools (including publicized and quasi-public preschools) in Taoyuan City in the 2021 school year is 48.1%. It is insufficient if we only rely on publicized preschools (22.2%). As a consequence, it must cooperate with the practice of quasi-public preschools (25.9%) in order to accelerate the expansion of affordable educare services in Taoyuan City. 2. Among different districts in Taoyuan City, there are regional differences and supply-demand mismatches on the provision of publicized preschools and affordable preschools. 3. The overall preschool classes for two-year-olds in Taoyuan City are obviously insufficient; there is an especially urgent need to expand affordable preschool classes for two-year-olds. 4. Most of the spatial clusters on sites of publicized and quasi-public preschools in Taoyuan City locate in districts with high population density. In addition, it is easier to cluster around the main roads. Based on the above findings, some suggestions are presented to the authorities for reference.