教保服務、氣質特性、安全依附對三歲幼兒情緒能力與負向行為的影響

The Effects of Early Childhood Education and Care, Temperament and Secure Attachment on ThreeYear-Old Preschoolers’ Emotional Abilities and Negative Behaviors

本研究主要目的在於控制家庭社經地位的情境影響，進一步檢視幼兒氣質與安全依附對情緒能力與負向行為的影響，並釐清在幼兒氣質與安全依附對情緒能力與負向行為之影響關係中，教保服務所產生的效果。本研究以幼兒發展調查資料庫中，1,986位符合本研究目的之三歲幼兒為對象，先經由驗證性因素分析，檢視幼兒氣質、安全依附、情緒能力與負向行為測量的建構效度，再透過結構方程模式分析，探究幼兒氣質與安全依附對情緒能力與負向行為的直接影響，以及幼兒教保服務對上述影響關係的調節效果。在考量家庭社經地位相關變項的影響後，本研究有如下發現：一、整體而言，幼兒正向氣質（外放性氣質與奮力控制氣質）與安全依附愈高，情緒能力愈好，負向行為愈少。二、幼兒負向氣質愈高，情緒理解能力愈高，且負向行為也愈多，但情緒調節能力愈低。三、教保服務缺乏促進正向氣質與安全依附對情緒能力的正向影響，以及對負向行為的負向影響，並缺乏緩衝、抵銷或翻轉負向氣質對負向行為的正向影響。四、教保服務可能抵銷或翻轉安全依附對負向行為的抑制效果。

After considering the effect of family socioeconomic status, the main purposes of this study were twofold: 1. to investigate the effect of preschoolers’ temperament and secure attachment on emotional abilities and negative behaviors; 2. to clarify the impact of early childhood education and care (ECEC) on the relationships among above variables. A total of 1986 three-year-old preschoolers were selected from panel study named National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care. First, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine construct validity of preschoolers’ temperament, secure attachment, emotional abilities, and negative behaviors. Then, the direct effects of preschoolers’ temperament and secure attachment on emotional abilities and negative behaviors, and the moderation effect of ECEC were both investigated through structural equation modeling. After controlling the effect of family ECEC, results showed: 1. in general, the higher preschoolers’ positive temperament (extraversion and effortful control), the higher emotional abilities, and the lower negative behaviors; 2. emotion understanding and negative behaviors rose along the negative temperament, but the emotion regulation ability declined; 3. ECEC exerted no additional effects on fostering not only the positive relationships among positive temperament, security attachment and emotional abilities, but also the negative relationships among positive temperament, security attachment, and negative behaviors, and it lacked buffer, offset, and flip effects on the relationships between the positive effect of negative temperament on negative behaviors; 4. ECEC might not only offset but flip the inhibition effect of security attachment on negative behaviors.