高齡者幸福感影響因素之性別差異研究：靈性健康中介效果的分析

Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults: An Analysis of the Mediation Effect of Spiritual Health

幸福感是一個人整體評價其生活品質指標之一，老年性別研究可協助提供次團體合宜的服務，促進高齡者生活品質及福祉。本研究主要探究高齡者幸福感影響因素在性別上之差異，並分析靈性健康是否具有中介效果。研究對象為臺北市65歲以上，參加社區照顧關懷據點的高齡者，採用問卷調查方式進行資料蒐集，共回收405份問卷，並使用結構方程模式進行資料分析。研究結果顯示，不同性別高齡者幸福感的影響因素不同，影響女性高齡者幸福感的因素依序為靈性健康、家庭滿意度、自覺健康及社會參與，男性高齡者僅有靈性健康會影響其幸福感。此外，靈性健康對不同性別高齡者的幸福感皆存在一定的中介效果。本研究者建議對社區高齡者提供服務或實施樂齡教育時，宜考量性別的差異，並加強提升高齡者的靈性健康教育。

Well-being is one of the indicators for overall evaluation of quality of life. Therefore understanding gender differences in well-being of older adults can provide appropriative welfare services and improve their quality of life. This study mainly explores the possible factors that affect well-being of older adults in different genders in communities, and analyzes the mediation effect of spiritual health. The research object is over 65 years old in community senior care centers in Taipei City. A total of 405 valid questionnaires were collected, and the structural equation mediation model was used. The results show that the factors affecting well-being of older adults varied by gender: for female elders, which were spiritual health, satisfaction with family realtionship, perceived health status, and social participation sequentially, but for male ones, which was spiritual health only. In addition, spiritual health has a certain degree of mediation effect on well-being of older adults by genders. The study suggests that providers of community services or long-life education should consider gender differences, and to strengthen and promote spiritual health for older adults.