紐西蘭高等教育治理結構與經費分配探析

The Governance Structure and Funding Allocation in New Zealand’s Tertiary Education: Preliminary Findings

紐西蘭政府針對各級教育的施政目標，主要在於確保教育的融合性、公平性與連結性等核心價值，進而建構一個公平、卓越且具競爭力的教育系統，因此，近年來諸多政策的制定與實施皆著眼於此。此外，2020年頒訂的「國家教育及學習重點」與「高等教育策略」，係為紐西蘭未來5年內各級教育系統發展與運作的法定指引，其中包含的5項教育目標以學習者為中心、無障礙的入學機會、高品質的教學與領導、連結未來生活與工作的學習、世界級公立融合教育系統，也扣合前述的施政目標與核心價值。在此背景下，本研究以文獻探討方式進行陳述與分析，旨在說明紐西蘭高等教育政策發展現況、大學資訊公開規劃與運作，以及高等教育財政政策與經費分配概況等項目，並與我國相關資訊進行比較，作為我國未來政策參考及調整之用。具體而言，紐西蘭高等教育治理結構與經費分配概況如下：一、多元協同的高等教育治理結構，顯示紐西蘭政府於尊重專業及高等教育治理間取得平衡；二、完備法制化的經費補助機制，現行公校與私校的學生補助比例差距不大；三、高等教育資訊公開及經費補助訊息相當明確，易就不同需求或目的查詢相關資訊；四、具有獨立的表現導向研究經費評估機制，提升高等教育資源的分配正當性；五、持續精進的高等教育經費評估及制度化措施，提升資源分配與運用效能。

The goal of New Zealand’s government is to construct an equitable, excellent and competitive educational system, therefore, the government has made efforts to ensure core values such as inclusion, equity, and connectivity are promoted in New Zealand’s education policies. Moreover, both the statement of National Education and Learning Priorities (NELP) and Tertiary Education Strategy (TES) have played leading roles for New Zealand’s education. They point out the priorities including learners at the centre, barrier-free access, quality teaching and leadership, future of learning and work, and world-class inclusive public education that support New Zealanders success and wellbeing. By literature review, the aim of this article is to understand tertiary education in New Zealand and its funding allocation, in particular. This will provide insights into Taiwan’s higher education. The findings are as follows: 1. Collaborative governance model shows that the New Zealand government intends to find a right balance between professionalism and governance in tertiary education; 2. Well-established funding mechanisms may close the gap between public and private universities funded by New Zealand’s government; 3. Open information on education in New Zealand helps people track the use of educational funds; 4. Individualized assessment of the Performance Based Research Fund (PBRF) provides legitimacy and credibility of funding allocation in New Zealand’s tertiary education; 5. Improving funding mechanisms ameliorates resource efficiency in New Zealand’s tertiary education.