大學資訊公開之探究──以美國及英國為例

A Study on the University Information Disclosure - Practices in the United States and the United Kingdom

因應政府高等教育治理所需，績效課責、公民監督因運而生，維持市場治理及促進網絡治理的資訊公開漸受重視。近年，證據本位決策或循證決策、循證政府概念興起，公開資訊有利循證決策，提升決策品質、促進教育進步，資訊公開提供的堅實證據，讓高等教育治理的績效課責更具體、有效，並成為循證決策之重要基石。從政府高等教育治理言，資訊公開為對大學課責及品質要求的治理工具，對於學生來說，公開資訊成為選校之判斷依據及知識，利害關係人並可透過資訊公開來瞭解及監督大學以促進績效。本研究以文獻分析說明美國及英國之大學資訊公開做法，研究結果發現，資訊公開作為高等教育治理工具漸受美國及英國政府重視，在資訊公開之內容，美國大學較重視財務資訊，英國則強調學系課程品質資訊，在資訊公開之方式，美國及英國均由政府建立統一的大學資訊公開平臺，此外，政府重視並協助弱勢學生之資訊需求和權益，強調對於弱勢族群之協助，且資訊公開以可親近、友善、客製化方式呈現。依據研究發現，對臺灣推動大學資訊公開提出建議。

In response to the needs of the government’s higher education governance, performance accountability and citizen supervision have emerged, and information disclosure to maintain market governance and promote network governance has received increasing attention. For higher education governance, information disclosure is a governance instrument for university accountability and quality requirements. Disclosing information is conducive to evidence-based decision-making, improving the quality of decision-making, and promoting educational progress. The solid evidence provided by information disclosure makes the accountability of higher education governance more specific and effective, and becomes an important cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making. For students, information becomes the basis for judgment and knowledge of university selection, and stakeholders can supervise universities through information disclosure. The concept of evidence-based decision-making and evidence-based government has emerged. The aim of this paper is to explore the practices in the United States and the United Kingdom of information disclosure for higher education. The results of the research show that information disclosure as an instrument for higher education governance is increasingly valued by the US and British governments. In the contents of information disclosure, the United States pay more attention to financial information, while the United Kingdom emphasizes information of programs’ quality. The United States and the United Kingdom both have established a unified university information disclosure platform by the government. In addition, the government also attaches great importance to and assists the information needs and rights of disadvantaged groups. Information disclosure is presented in an accessible, friendly and customized way. And based on the research findings, it puts forward suggestions for the Taiwan government to promote the disclosure of university information.