大學與社區發展之關係：日本私立大學公立化政策對臺灣私校退場問題的啟示

The Partnership Between Universities and Their Local Communities: The Implications of the Publicization Policy of Japanese Private Universities on the Issues of Withdrawal for Taiwanese Private Colleges and Universities

近年來，私立大專校院退場事件頻傳，但一所大學的消失不僅僅是一樁新聞事件而已，對於偏遠地區而言，地方型大學經常扮演著參與在地社區發展，以及帶動地方產業、社區與環境重構的重要角色，故一旦學校退場，勢必對當地社區發展造成負面影響。惟儘管私立學校具有公共性，在退場過程中，政府究竟該不該以公權力強行介入？以公共經費來拯救瀕危私校，是否就能實踐社區社會正義？前述問題至今仍然缺少共識與明確答案。盱衡國際，日本高等教育發展情況與我國相似，為解決私校退場問題，該國政府所採取的策略之一即是推出私立大學公立化政策。因此，本文以日本為分析對象，剖析其私立大學公立化政策的緣起、目標、效益、推動現況與面臨挑戰等，期能藉此對臺灣爭議不休的私立大專校院退場問題有所啟發。

In recent years, there have been frequent incidents of the withdrawal of private colleges and universities, but the closing of a university is more than just a news event. For remote areas, local universities often play an important role. Therefore, once the university leaves, it will be Community development has an absolute negative impact. Although private colleges and universities are with publicity, should the government forcefully intervene with public power in the process of withdrawal for Taiwanese private colleges and universities? Is it practicing social justice by saving endangered private colleges and universities with public funds? The above questions still lack social consensus and clear answers. Since the development of higher education in Japan is similar to that of our country, to solve the problem of withdrawal for Taiwanese private colleges and universities, one of the strategies adopted by Taiwanese government includes the publicization policy of private university. Therefore, this article takes Japan as the object of analysis to analyze the origin, goals, benefits, promotion process, and challenges faced by its private university publicization policy. The article aims to inspire the controversial issues of withdrawal for Taiwanese private colleges and universities in Taiwan.