就業職能與職業距離對薪資之影響：社工勞力市場之檢視

The Impact of Professional Competence and Occupational Distance on Salary: A Review of the Social Worker Labor Market

近十餘年來，臺灣各大學的社會工作學系迅速擴張，本研究將探討社會工作學系畢業生進入職場，影響職業與薪資的關鍵因素為何，並探討「教育分流—職業地位—薪資收入」之間的中介關係，測試「就業職能」和「職業距離」兩變項的調節效果。本研究分析的資料為「臺灣高等教育整合資料庫」其中之大學畢業生調查，發現如下：一、以畢業後從事全職工作者觀之，社工系畢業生34%進入社工勞力市場，一般大學／技職院校差異並不大；二、就業職能與職業距離在教育分流、職業地位與薪資收入間具有不同的調節式中介作用；三、高的就業職能與近的職業距離，兩者兼具有提高社會工作者職業與薪資的相乘效果。本研究彰顯就業職能與職業距離在勞力市場研究的重要性，亦可豐富社會工作實證研究的學術積累。

Over the past decade, departments of social work have expanded rapidly among Taiwanese universities. This study explored the key factors influencing the career and salary of social workers entering the workplace after graduating from university. The study evaluated mediation among the variables of “education,” “career,” and “income” and tested the moderating effects of “professional competence” and “occupational distance.” The data analyzed in this study were obtained from university graduate surveys included in the “Taiwan Integrated Postsecondary Education Database.” Three primary results of the study are as follows: First, only 34% of social work graduates entered the social work labor market as full-time employees, with no significant difference between graduates of universities and technological colleges. Second, different moderated mediation effects for professional competence and occupational distance were found in terms of the variables of education, career, and income. Third, high professional competence and close occupational distance worked synergistically in improving the career and salary of social workers. This study highlights the importance of professional competence and occupational distance in labor market research, further enriching the academic literature on empirical research in the field of social work.