澳門大學生對長者知識及態度的相關性研究

Knowledge and Attitudes towards Older People among Undergraduates in Macau

本研究旨在探討澳門大學生對長者知識和態度的現況及相關性，並分析影響因素及預測因子。採用非機率配額抽樣法，抽取澳門某綜合性大學共389名大學生，進行電子問卷調查（包含背景資料、對長者的知識量表及對長者的態度量表三部分）。結果顯示，澳門大學生對長者知識平均得分偏低，但對長者態度偏較正向，大學生對長者知識及態度呈正相關，對長者知識及態度的預測因子包括性別、宗教信仰、藝術專業、護理學系、與長者有良好相處經驗、參加過志願長者活動等。研究總結澳門大學生對長者知識的瞭解偏低，建議大學的通識內容加入長者相關的課程，包括健康老化（生理、心理和社會面）、與長者有效溝通和相處技巧、安老和樂齡的相關政策，再讓大學生多參與志願長者活動以增加相處機會；在政策方面可增設長者相關的短期課程促進相互瞭解、設立長者週和敬老相關津貼措施，使長者能得到更適切的照顧，達到健康老化的樂齡社會。

The purposes of this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards older people and related factors among undergraduates of Macao, and to analyze the relationships between knowledge and attitudes towards older people. This research adopted the quantitative correlational study through questionnaire. The instrument included demography, knowledge on aging (facts on aging quiz, FAQ), and attitudes towards older people (Kogan’s attitude toward older people scale, KAOP). The quota sampling of non-probabilistic sampling methods was used to confirm participants by quotation from each school of one higher institute in Macao. There were 389 undergraduates completed questionnaires in Macao. The mean score of FAQ among Macao undergraduates was below the pass standard. The mean score of KAOP Chinese version indicated more positive attitudes towards older people. Gender (females), school related to art, religion, nursing students, living with older adult(s), and participating volunteer activity for the older people were predictors for the knowledge and attitudes towards older people among undergraduates in Macao. Moreover, FAQ and KAOP were demonstrated positive correlation. In conclusion, Macao undergraduates showed that knowledge towards older people was below the pass score though more positive attitudes towards older people. As knowledge and attitudes towards older people among undergraduates have a positive correlation, it is suggested that aging general educational courses (physiology, psycho-social knowledge of older people) might be added into bachelor education. Moreover, more activities were suggested for undergraduates with older people in order to improve the knowledge and attitudes towards older people in Macao. Policies regarding the planning of harmony and healthy aging society should be considered and administered in Macao.