校長即學習者：國民小學校長在職場學習的經驗、方式與目標

Principals as Learners: The Experiences, Ways and Objectives of Elementary Principal Learning at Work

本文探討國小校長在職場學習的經驗、方式及目標，運用開放性問題之問卷調查法與訪談法進行資料蒐集，以立意抽樣問卷調查65位國小校長，並對12位國小校長進行個別與團體訪談，總計有77位國小校長參與本研究。接續針對這些質性資料進行主題分析，研究結果發現：一、團隊過程與結果很重要且相輔相成、實踐負責任的溝通、校長領導可以發揮教育影響力，必須堅持理念但保持彈性，以及校長同儕的支持與疏離，是國小校長學習的重要經驗。二、國小校長透過專業訓練、專業探究、自我反思、同僚專業互享及做中學等方式進行學習，但偏重後三者，且搭配適當的學習態度與基礎。三、國小校長學習的目標依序是提升學生學習、協助教師成長、促進學校發展，以及成就良好自己。本文結論提出國小校長在職場學習的經驗、方式及目標是一種社會觀點的學習，但偏重專業責任的學習，部分犧牲自我成長與發展。最後建議幾項與校長在職場學習相關的未來研究方向。

This study focused on the experiences, ways and objectives of elementary principal leaning at work. Purposive sampling, the methods of open-ended survey and interview were used to collect data. 65 elementary principals participated in the survey, and 12 elementary principals participated in the individual and group interviews. The thematic analysis strategy was used to analyze the data. This study yielded several findings. First, important learning experiences of elementary principals included recognizing the importance of the process and result of teamwork, practicing responsible communication, insisting on ideas but remaining flexible, and feeling the support and estrangement from peer principals. Second, regarding ways of principal learning, principals used self-reflection, peer-to-peer professional sharing, and learning by doing more than professional inquiry and professional training. Third, the objectives of principal learning included enhancing student performance, helping teachers’ professional development, promoting school development, and developing a better self, in that order. Finally, this study found that the experiences, ways and objectives of elementary principal leaning at work demonstrated most of the characteristics of the social perspective of learning but laid particular stress on the professional side of learning at partial cost to individual growth and development. Several suggestions for future studies were provided.