國民所得、所得分配與高等教育擴充之跨國分析   免費試閱

A Cross-Nations Study on the Relationships among Income, Income Distribution and Higher Education Expansion

基於人力資本理論，本研究採用2000～2009年91個國家的國民所得、所得分配及高等教育擴充資料，包括：各國高等教育在學率、中等教育在學率、吉尼指數、國民所得，以及人口成長率為變項進行分析。獲得結論如下：一、國家的經濟發展與所得分配未呈現倒U字型關係；二、國家的人口成長與教育投資對經濟發展有正面助益；三、國家的高等教育擴充對所得分配不均會縮小；四、國家的經濟發展對所得分配沒有明顯的影響；五、國家的所得重分配愈均等，對高等教育在學率擴充有正向助益。最後，國家的國民所得增加對高等教育擴充有正面效果。上述結果代表，高等教育具有所得重分配效果。

Based on the human capital theory, the study employed 91 countries to explore the relationships among per capital income, income distribution and higher education expansion in 2000-2009 years. It used the variables including the ratio of higher education, and secondary enrollment, Gini coefficient, per capital income, and the ratio of population growth. The results were as followings: 1. The relationships between economic development and income distribution was not an inverted U-shaped curve, with a positively signed coefficient for economic development and a negatively signed coefficient for its square. 2. The ratio of population growth, educational expansion were significant positively impacted on economical development. 3. The expansion on higher education can reduce the income inequality distribution. 4. There were not significant relationships between the economical development and income inequality distribution. 5. The more income was equality distribution, the more the ratio of higher education enrollment can expand. Finally, increasing the per capital income can expand the higher education. To sum, the higher education expansion can redistribute the per capital income. According to the results, some suggestions were given.