美國文化外交之教育交流網絡的建構與影響：以傅爾布萊特計畫為例

The Construction and Influence of Educational Exchange Network in American Cultural Diplomacy: Taking Fulbright Program as an Example

文化外交是延伸國家影響力常見的方式之一，教育交流則是達成其效果最佳的工具之一，傅爾布萊特計畫是美國官方自第二次世界大戰以來最成功的文化外交案例，為了解該計畫如何透過建構教育交流網絡發揮文化外交的功效，本研究採取文件分析法，分析相關的官網和文獻以勾勒出計畫的輪廓與對國家的影響，研究發現，美國政府堅守不干預學術和支持的態度，以及計畫能滿足合作利益關係方的需求和確保計畫經費的多樣性與永續性。最後歸納五點結論：一、培育學術多元文化的推手；二、打造與鞏固美國成為學術網絡的領頭羊；三、為美國在知識經濟時代與知識外交奠基；四、透過教育網絡達到外交所難以觸及的層面；五、以英語型態回傳美國以外的知識更有利於國內大眾的吸收。

Cultural diplomacy is one of the common ways to extend national influence, and educational exchange is one of its most effective tools. Fulbright Program is the most successful case of cultural diplomacy since World War II. How does the plan play the role of cultural diplomacy through the construction of an educational exchange network? This article adopts document analysis method to analyze relevant official websites and documents to outline the framework of the plan and its impact on the country. The study found that the U.S. government adopt the non-intervention academics attitude and support it. Besides the plan can meet the needs of the cooperative stakeholders and ensure the diversity and sustainability of the project funding. This research put forward five conclusions: 1. The project fosters a promoter of academic multiculturalism. 2. Build and consolidate the U.S. to become a leader in academic networks. 3. Lay the foundation for the United States in the era of knowledge economy and knowledge diplomacy. 4. Use educational networks to reach a level that is difficult for diplomacy to reach. 5. Returning knowledge outside the United States in English is more conducive to the absorption of the domestic public.