過量教育與失業率之研究：以國民所得為中介變項

A Study on Over-Education and Unemployment Rate: Using Per Capital Income as the Mediator

本研究從世界銀行的報告書蒐集2018年132個國家的資料，透過統計分析找出過量教育國家，再探究國民所得中介於高等教育在學率與失業率之關係。獲得結論如下：過量教育國家的青年失業率明顯高於總失業率；過量教育前五名的國家為希臘、土耳其、智利、韓國、阿根廷，皆超過32.36%，其中希臘超過全球平均水準63.09%最多；過量教育國家的高等教育愈擴充，失業率愈高，且經濟發展不佳，失業率愈高；過量教育國家的高等教育在學率透過國民所得明顯減緩總失業率與青年失業率，國民所得具有部分中介效果；台灣自2001年起成為過量教育國家，2018年高等教育在學率過量26.4%，使經濟發展受到影響，也可能是失業率提高的原因之一。本研究貢獻在於，找出過量教育的原因與解決策略，針對結論深入討論，並提出具體建議。

This study collected the data of 132 countries in 2018 from the World Bank’s report. Statistical analyses were used to find out the over-education countries, and the per capita income was used as a mediator between the higher education and unemployment rate. The results were as follows: The youth unemployment rate was significantly higher than total unemployment rate in over-education countries. The top five countries of over-education were Greece, Turkey, Chile, South Korea and Argentina, exceeding 32.36% above world average; especially Greece exceeded 63.09% above world average. In those over-education countries, the more higher education expands, the higher the unemployment rate, and the poorer the economic development, the higher the unemployment rate. In over-education countries, higher education rate significantly slowed down the overall unemployment rate and youth unemployment rate through per capita income, which had a partially mediating effect. Taiwan has been an over-education country since 2001, and higher education rate exceeded 26.4% above world average in 2018. This has affected Taiwan’s economic development and may be the reason for the increase of the unemployment rate. The contributions of this research was to find out the reasons and solutions for over-education. There were in-depth discussions and suggestions were made.