特殊儿童生活与教育的哲学思考

The Philosophical Reflection on the Life and Education of Exceptional Children

特殊教育的价值源于其自身之于特殊儿童生活的意义。特殊儿童的欲求是他们生活的核心构成，欲求方式规定着他们生活的意义。特殊儿童的生活本质主要体现为欲求的意识结构。特殊教育影响特殊儿童生活，要重视引导和满足特殊儿童的特殊需要，激发并提升他们的内在欲求。其中，关怀是特殊教育影响特殊儿童生活的一个基本原则，体验是特殊教育关怀的基本方法，发现和培育特殊儿童优势潜能是最重要的内容。

The value of special education lies in its meaning to the life of exceptional children. The needs of exceptional children constitute the core of their life and the way of needs sets the meanings of their life. The nature of the exceptional children’s life is mainly represented by the consciousness structure of needs. The special education affecting exceptional children’s life should guide and meet exceptional children’s special needs and stimulate their internal desire. Care is a basic principle of special education to affect exceptional children’s life; experience is the basic method of the care of special education, and to discover and nurture the potential of exceptional children is the most important content of special education.