籃球運動文學中的中文成語和隱喻翻譯策略之研究

Translation Strategies of Chinese Idioms and Metaphors in Basketball Sports Literature

臺灣的運動文學譯本常是暢銷作品，大多數為球員傳記。本研究素材選取教練角度的三本籃球翻譯書籍，分別是Wooden的《團隊，從傳球開始》、Jackson的《領導禪》與Grover的《強者之道》，探討運動文學翻譯作品中讀者對成語（idiom）和隱喻（metaphor）翻譯策略的看法。首先，研究以問卷詢問讀者對使用成語和隱喻策略的看法，量化分析以卡方檢定統計三本譯文中成語和隱喻的次數；而質化分析以對等原則和成語翻譯策略分析譯文中的成語，並以概念隱喻理論（Conceptual Metaphor Theory）的隱喻翻譯模式（Metaphor Translation Mode）分析。根據問卷結果，讀者認為運動文學中譯本含中文成語和隱喻使譯文能夠更通順、貼近原意，而翻譯含中文成語和隱喻的重要性與滿意度、通順、達意和優美這四面向呈現中度相關。此外，譯者將原文的成語或單字（word）翻譯成中文成語，使譯文更加通順、符合中文用法。原文中結構隱喻（structured metaphor）和實體隱喻（ontological metaphor）次數最多，而卡方檢定的結果也顯示譯者在運動文學翻譯中傾向將原文的結構隱喻和實體隱喻保留原文喻依（sensu stricto）、或轉換喻依（substitution）。

 

We explore the translation strategies in basketball sports literature which is focused on the viewpoints of coaches and trainers. Three coach-and-trainer-related books were chosen to analyze the translation strategies of idioms and metaphors and reader’s satisfactions. These books are included The Essential Wooden (Wooden, 2007), Eleven Rings (Jackson, 2014a), and Relentless (Grover, 2014a). First, the questionnaire was designed to find out readers’ satisfactions of Chinese idioms and metaphors for some example sentences in the translation. Then, the frequency of Chinese idioms and metaphors were analyzed by Chi-squared test for quantitative analysis. While, in the qualitative analysis, the Chinese idioms in the translation were analyzed with equivalence theory and idiom translation strategies. Otherwise, the translation of metaphors in these three books was classified by conceptual metaphor theory and analyzed by metaphor translation modes. Based on the reader’s feedbacks, the translation of sports literature with Chinese idioms and metaphors would be more fluent and expressive. Besides, the importance of Chinese idioms and metaphors in the translation were moderately correlated to the four aspects: satisfaction, expression, fluency, and elegance. On the other hand, the results of the quantitative analysis suggested that: the translators of the sports literature tended to translate idioms (with similar form) and words (without similar form) into Chinese idioms. Also, the usages of structured metaphors and ontological metaphors in the source texts were the most. The result of Chi-squared tests showed that the translators would remain the metaphor’s vehicles (Sensu stricto) or substitute the metaphor’s vehicle (Substitution) in the target texts.