日本面向21世紀國際教育政策發展與成效

An Analysis of the Development and Effectiveness of Japan’s International Education Policies in the 21st Century

本文透過解析日本明治維新以來的教育發展，以及進入21世紀以來日本政府以及文部科學省所提出的各種政策、計畫，以及中央教育審議會所提出的諮詢報告書相關之文獻。主要目的在於歸納日本對於國際化發展，以及日本文部科學省面向21世紀國際教育政策之思維與成效。研究結論歸納出，日本自1868年明治維新開始，透過大量的留學生與引進外國專家學者，進行國內的全面改造，同時，亦強調主體性的重要。進入21世紀，產業經濟的全球化與文化教育的國際化，使日本面對國際相互衝擊的大環境，文部科學省積極展開培育可以活躍於國際社會的人才，接受海外優秀學生及研究者，展開戰略性雙向人才交流。同時，日本近年在國際教育經過逾40年的努力，留學生人數已超過30萬人，是亞洲留學生最多的國家，也是全球留學生最多的國家之一。

This study analyzes Japan’s educational development since the Meiji Restoration era, examines various policies and projects proposed by the Japanese government and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) since the beginning of the 21st century, and accesses consultation reports issued by The Central Council for Education. The main purpose of this study is to summarize the consideration and resulted effectiveness of the Japanese government regarding international development and MEXT policies on international education in the 21st century. The study comes up with the following conclusions. Starting from the Meiji Restoration era in 1868, Japan has sent a large number of students abroad and brought in overseas experts and scholars, which, in turn, have resulted in a comprehensive transformation of the Japan’s education system, with an emphasis on the significance of its subjectivity. From the 21st century onwards, with the globalization of industrial economy and the internationalization of culture and education, Japan has been exposed to an environment that comes under conflicting international impacts. In response, the MEXT has been actively cultivating talents who are able to proactively engage in the international community. In addition, Japan has been accepting outstanding overseas students and researchers and launching strategic two-way talent exchanges. With around 40 years of literary endeavors in international education, Japan has witnessed over 300,000 international students arriving in the country, thereby boasting the highest number of international students among Asian countries and ranking among the top countries with the highest number of international students worldwide.