20世纪教育中的国家主义：回顾与讨论

Nationalism in Education in 20th Century: A review and discussion

影响20世纪中国教育的国家主义教育理想直接来源于18－19世纪欧洲现代民族国家在形成时所产生并依赖的国家主义及其教育理想，是欧洲近代日益高涨的国家主义教育理想在中国独特社会背景下的进一步发展，并与欧洲各国国家主义教育理想一脉相承，交相辉映。国家主义教育理想对20世纪中国教育的支配性影响是全方位、多方面的，不同历史时期的国家主义教育理想有着不同的性质和内容。国家主义教育理想在20世纪中国现代教育产生和发展过程中也存在着不少值得关注的学术论争，主要集中在国家主义与国际主义、国家主义与个人主义、国家主义与平民主义、国家主义与人文主义等几方面。在21世纪，国家主义教育理想对于中国大陆的教育改革与发展来说依然有其合法性与正当性，同时应该适应全球化时代的挑战，融合世界主义的理念、关怀与责任。

The nationalist educational idea in China's education in 20th century was derived from the nationalism and its educational idea that emerged in and shaped the formation of modern European nations in 18-19 century. It is the further development of the increasing rising nationalist educational idea in modern Europe in the particular context of China and it has the same origin as the nationalist educational idea in European nations. Nationalist educational idea dominated China's education in 20th century and the influence was comprehensive and extensive, with different nature and content in different historical periods. What deserves attention are some academic debates about nationalist educational idea during the emergence and development of modern education in China in the aspects of nationalism versus internationalism, nationalism versus individualism, nationalism versus populism, and nationalism versus humanism. In the 21st century, nationalist educational idea still has its legitimacy, it should meet the challenge in the globalization era and integrate with the idea, care and responsibility of cosmopolitanism.