生命、实践和教育学学科身份的寻求：“教化”的历史考察

Life, Praxis and the Searching for Identity of Pedagogy: A Historical Exploration of Bildung

教化是德国的一个极具德意志民族特色的核心概念。作为一种极具新人文主义和美学色彩的生命理想，教化的目标不是教育技术的可替换的产品，而是生命的唤醒和不断生成。它强调，教育只能是一种激发和促进人的自我活动的特殊的实践形式，而非一种技术性的制作活动；关于这种活动的反思的教育知识也只能是（实践）教育学而非教育科学，因为以心理学和社会学为基础的教育科学的日益发展会导致教育学学科身份的丧失。

Bildung is thought to be one of the core German pedagogical concepts. As a kind of life ideal with its neo-humanistic and aesthetic considerations, the aim of Bildung is not the replicable products in the sense of educational technique but the wakening of a conscious self-becoming of life. Accordingly, education is not a kind of technical poiesis, but a particular form of praxis aiming at promoting the self-activities of life. The knowledge of education is knowledge of pedagogy, instead of educational sciences, because the increasing development of the educational sciences based on the psychology and sociology will logically lead to the disappearance of the identity of pedagogy.