台灣地區女性海洛因犯者之愛滋易感性與危險行為

HIV Susceptibility and Risk Behaviors amongst Female Heroin Offenders in Taiwan

文獻中有越來越多的研究結果指出，靜脈注射藥癮者在藥物使用的愛滋感染危險行為因為擔心感染愛滋而有減少的情形，但是在不安全性行為的改變則較為困難。本研究目的是探討女性靜脈注射藥癮者感染愛滋的易感性、危險性行為、與藥物注射行為間的關係。本研究總共有254位在2006年六月到八月間同意填寫問卷並簽署研究同意書，問卷內容包括背景資料、藥物使用史、注射藥物行為、性行為、愛滋易感性與愛滋傳染途徑知識。結果發現48 %受訪者之性伴侶為靜脈注射藥癮者，有在最後一次性交時有使用保險套。在藥物注射行為方面，過去一年裡有72%沒有共用過針具，有58%沒有共用稀釋液。迴歸分析結果發現愛滋易感性與伴侶是靜脈注射藥癮者(β=0.09, p>0.05)和最後一次性交時使用保險套情形(β=0.02, p>0.05)沒有達到統計上顯著。愛滋易感性與年齡(β= 0.19, p< 0.01)、過去一年共用針具(β= 0.17, p< 0.05)與過去一年共用稀釋液(β= 0.20, p< 0.05)達到統計上顯著。本研究結果發現共用針具與稀釋液行能提昇女性靜脈注射藥癮者的愛滋易感性，然而危險性行為則無法和愛滋易感性有關；這樣的結果顯示對於女性靜脈注射藥癮者的愛滋與性教育需要盡快加強。

A growing body of evidence in earlier studies indicated that injecting drug users (IDUs) experience greater difficulties in making changes when reducing their sexual risk behaviors than to reduce their drug-related risk practices. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between HIV susceptibility and sexual risk behaviors, and injection risk practices among female IDUs in Taiwan. Two hundred and fifty four female IDUs agreed to participate in this study, and signed consent forms between June and August 2007. The questionnaire contained background information, drug-use history, injection-related risk practices, sex-related risk behaviors, HIV susceptibility, and measures of knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission. About 48 % of the women reported having IDU sexual partners, and only 17% had used a condom during the last sexual encounter. Regarding injection-related practices, 72% did not share needles, and 58% did not share rinse water with others in the past year. Results from multiple regression analysis revealed that having IDU sexual partners and not using condom during the last sexual encounter were not statistically significant with HIV susceptibility (β=0.09, p>0.05; β=0.02, p>0.05, respectively). Age, and sharing needle and rinse water in past year were significantly associated with HIV susceptibility (β= 0.19, p< 0.01; β= 0.17, p< 0.05; β= 0.20, p< 0.05, respectively). The findings provide evidence that injection-related risk practices obviously could raise HIV susceptibility of female IDUs, but sex-related risk behaviors did not. This implies that HIV and sexuality education should be provided to female injection drug users as soon as possible.