当前美国大学教师专业发展面临的困境

The Present Dilemma of Faculty Professional Development in America

当前美国大学教师的专业发展主要面临着五个方面的困境：问责制使大学教师在教学、科研等方面的压力增大；校企合作要求大学教师的专业活动以市场为导向；私营化和网络化动摇了大学教师无法替代的社会地位；大众化使大学教师更多关注学生的需求，降低了知识的深度和广度；随着大学与社会的联系日益密切，大学教师学术生产方式日益受限于实际应用，并随着实际要求的变化而变化。

At present, five factors affect the professional development of faculty in America. Faculty faces more pressures than before in teaching and scientific research because of government's accountability. Faculty's academic activities are driven by market through the demand of school-enterprise cooperation. Both profit orientation and Internet development make faculties' social status unstable. Popularization of higher education requires faculties to pay more attention to the needs of undergraduates. Meanwhile, with the relationship between the university and society being closer, faculties' productivity is restricted to the social application and changes with the changes of the actual requirement.