高等教育与就业的性别比较

A Comparative Study on the Gender Disparity in Higher Education and Labor Market

本文基于2009年高校毕业生就业状况的调查数据，采用统计描述的方法，从高等教育入学机会、学业表现、就业状况三方面对性别差异进行了实证研究，主要结果如下:第一，女性表现出“一好二少三低”的特点。“一好”是指女性的学业表现好;“二少”是指女性的入学机会少，且优质高等教育的入学机会更少;“三低”是指女性就业的落实率低、起薪水平低、工作满意度低。第二，在就业分布结构方面表现出“男女分工不同”的鲜明特点。四分之三的女性在第三产业就业，而接近一半的男性在第二产业就业。另外，女性进入国有企业和国家机关的机会明显少于男性。

Based on a national scale graduate survey data conducted in 2009 and the descriptive statistic analysis， this paper analyzes the gender disparity in high-quality higher education opportunity， academic achievement， and graduate employment. The empirical results have showed: (1) there is a phenomenon of “one-advantage， two-shortage， and three-lower” for the female. “one-advantage” means that female students showed better academic achievement. “two-shortage” means that female students have both less general higher education opportunity and less high-quality higher education opportunity. “three-lower” means that female students have lower placement rate， lower starting salary， and lower job satisfaction. (2) Both industry composition and work unit composition are quite different between male and female graduates in the labor market， 75% female graduates work in tertiary industry， well nearly one half of male graduates work in the second industry. The female graduates have less opportunity to work in state owned enterprises and government agency.