农村学校布局调整对学生成绩的影响——基于两水平增值模型的分析

The Effect of Layout Adjustment of Rural Schools on Student Achievement——Analysis Based on the Two-level Value-added Model

文章使用“西发项目”广西壮族自治区的面板数据考察农村小学布局调整对学生成绩的影响，对比两水平增值模型和OLS估计结果发现，学校布局调整整体上对小学生成绩具有负向影响，对语文成绩的影响尤为显着。学校办学条件、生均寄宿面积、学校满意度对学生成绩有正向影响，寄宿生的成绩略低于非寄宿生，家校距离、家庭经济负担、学校配套设施不健全、学校心理疏导缺失等因素对学生成绩产生负向影响，这种负向影响已经超出了学校办学条件等因素对学生成绩的正向影响。在实证研究的基础上，文章提出布局调整过程中，在改善办学条件的同时，应当做好硬件配套设施和软件环境的建设，保障相关财政投入，加强监督，以实现提高教育质量的目标。

This paper use the panel data of BEWAP to study the effect of layout adjustment of schools on student achievement in primary school of rural area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. By the comparisons of two-level value-added model and OLS estimation results， the research shows that the layout adjustment policy generally has a negative effect on primary school students' achievement， especially on the language achievement. Specifically， the factors of school condition， dormitory area per-student and degree of school satisfaction have positive impacts on student achievement， the achievement of resident student slightly lower than non-resident student. The factors of farther home-school distance， more financial burden of families， inadequate supporting facilities of schools and the absence of psychological or other assistance have negative impacts on students' achievement， which are higher than the policy's positive effects. Based on the empirical study， this research suggests that the government should construct better hardware establishment and software condition while the improvement of school condition in the process of layout adjustment， ensure relevant financial input and enhance supervision so as to realize the goal of improving education quality.