明代会试试经考略

An Analysis of the Specialization Examinations On Five Classics In Metropolitan Examinations During the Ming Dynasty

明代科举会试的录取，不仅受到分卷的地域限制，还受到分经录取比例的限制。对明代64科会试1.8万余进士试经情况的统计分析表明：会试对各经的考生人数应有一个基本控制，而会试录取则根据各经考生的人数按一定比例进行，借以保证各经均有相应数量的考生中式。因此，在明代科举的会试中，考生最终的成功与其所属分卷区域以及所习经书有相当紧密的关系，并非全由自由竞争而取得。进士习经情况的地区差异，既显示出不同地区士人习经风气的不同，也显示出各个地区在专经考试中的竞争力可能有差异。

During the Ming Dynasty， success in metropolitan examinations were conditioned not only by the regional quota system but also by the ratio of success of specialization examinations on Five Classics. A analysis of records of more than 18 thousand Jinshi in 64 classes show that both the number of candidates of Classical Specialization and the ratio of graduates were limited in metropolitan examinations. It reveals that there was little free competition in metropolitan examinations. Regional differences of Classical Specialization reflected the differences of Classics learning and the competitive power in various regions during the Ming Dynasty.