校園欺凌研究之回顧：實徵發現與研究方法

Reviewing school bullying research: empirical findings and methodical consideration

本文詳細探討了世界各地有關校園欺凌加害者與被害者之研究，包括其認知和行為模式、性格、同儕地位、人際/情緒調適，以及發展傾向。藉由加害者與被害者特質的比較，呈現兩者差異與相似處，並詳述欺凌經驗對於身心的影響。其次，本文針對欺凌研究之常見取徑與分析方式提供了批判性檢視，並且討論過去研究的優缺點，包括研究設計和抽樣議題，以及橫斷性與縱貫性研究之考量。此外亦介紹了數種測量欺凌與受害情況的常用工具，並討論自陳式量表與同儕量表之潛在問題。最後，本文闡釋了上述分析對於實務工作和未來研究的意義。

This article provides a comprehensive review of previous research on school bullies and the victims worldwide including their cognitive and behavioral patterns， personality characteristics， peer status， socioemotional adjustment， and developmental trajectory. Comparisons between bullies and victims are made to see the differences and similarity of the two groups. Impacts of being bullied are illustrated. Prevalent approaches and analytical procedures of school bullying research are reviewed and critical evaluations for the strengths and weakness of previous studies are provided. An overview of design and sampling issues is presented. Considerations for cross-sectional and longitudinal designs are discussed. Several frequently used instruments for measuring bullying and victimization are examined. Potential concerns for self-report and peer nomination measures are investigated. Finally， implications for practice and future research are suggested.