國小高年級數學科成就測驗中與性別有關的DIF現象

The gender DIF phenomena in a mathematics achievement test of sixth graders in Taiwan

本研究探討國小高年級數學科成就測驗中的性別DIF現象。試題以國立編譯館主編國小六下數學課本及習作為選題範圍，以選擇題呈現，施測對象為台灣北部一所國小全體六年級學生677位，以ConQuest及EZDIF兩程式進行DIF檢定。研究結果為：(1)女生群體的數學平均得分顯著高於男生群體。(2)數列規律及位值關係兩試題不利於女生群體。(3)以全部試題的原始總分為分組變項，DIF容易發生在得分接近平均數的男、女次群體之中。(4)以去除DIF試題的純化總分為分組變項，DIF的產生與平均數似乎無關。最後提出教學與研究上的建議：(1)在教學上，教師宜注意程度居中學生的學習過程，尤其是解題較不利的女生。(2)在研究上，則可從教學情境、試題難度、試題脈絡等三方面探討與DIF試題的關聯性。

The purpose of this study is to examine the genders DIF in a the sixth grademathematics achievement test based on instruction material of sixth grader.The Test items， presented in multiple-choice format， were prepared based on anedition of mathematics textbookspublished by the National Institute for Compilation and Translation. selected and edited from mathematical instruction material of sixth graders that was edited by government. The item format is multiple-choice format. 677Six hundred and seventy-seven students subjects were administered in an elementary school located in the TaipeiCounty participated in the study.ConQuest and EZDIF computer programs were applied in data analysis to conductdo DIF detection. The results are as follows: (1) girls’female's average score was significantly higher than of that of boys’males’；(2) items about the concepts of “sequence” and “place value relation” items were of bias and more difficult for girlsfemales；(3) DIF ore likely to occur easily occursin the gender subgroupsfor thosewhose scores areis close to original total mean of raw score，that was not purified；(4) DIF's occurrence seemedsto haves nothing to do with purified total score based on this research. Based on the above findings， tThe researchersalso provides suggestions for math teachers and future researchers.