批判的质性研究方法论与行动取向

Concepts Pertaining to Action Orientation in Qualitative Research Methodology

批判的质性研究方法论作为当代西方质性研究方法论中的一支，结合了一般质性研究方法论与批判理论的特点，既关注社会中作为行动者的个人及其解放，同时又为以此为对象的研究者提供一套可操作的研究方法理论。批判的质性研究方法理论认为，人在受到压抑或被异化后，总有寻求突破与解放的要求，而现实的行动条件却制约着这种要求，但这并不意味着行动者完全没有获得解放的可能。除了对个人难以控制的行动条件进行大规模的社会变革外，每一位行动者还可以通过反思自身的行动取向，突破经由文化施加的限制获得一定意义上的解放。文化结构与行动意义正是该研究方法论为研究行动取向而建构的两个重要概念。

As one of the contemporary qualitative methodological theories in United States， critical qualitative methodological theory views an individual as an autonomous actor. This theory， on one hand， focuses on emancipating actor herself and on the other hand aims at providing researchers with a theoretical framework for understanding， analyzing and explaining such phenomena. It assumes that alienated actors have the desire for emancipation， but they are constrained by their action conditions. Some of these conditions can only be changed or eliminated by magnificent social reforms， but others are imposed on the actors through culture and thus can be removed or changed by reflection on action orientation. In studying action orientation， qualitative research methodology constructs two important concepts: culture structure and the meaning of action.