基于DEA-Tobit模型的中国西部农村小学效率研究

Research on efficiency of Rural Primary School in Western China Based on DEA-Tobit Model

提高教育资源利用效率是解决农村地区教育资源不足的重要途径，作为教育发展最基本的运行单位，教育资源利用效率的提升必须从提高学校办学效率入手。自2006年以来，世界银行贷款、英国政府赠款”西部地区基础教育发展项目”影响力评价课题组对西部地区基础教育状况进行了两次大规模的调查，本文基于调研数据，利用数据分络分析（DEA）方法对西部农村小学的办学效率进行了评价，并建立Tobit回归模型分析农村小学办学效率的影响因素，研究发现：（1）西部农村小学间办学效率差异较大，村完小的办学效率最高；（2）规模经济现象在农村学校仍然存在，样本小学的平均规模没有达到规模临界点，从长远来看，调整农村学校布局结构，因地制宜扩大学校规模是提高农村办学效率和质量的重要途径；（3）增加学校所拥有的图书量对于学校办学效率的提高具有成本低、效果好的作用。

Improving the efficiency of the utilization of educational resources is an important way for solving the problem of insufficiency of educational resources. Since school is the basic unit of education system， improving the utilization efficiency of educational resources should start with improving school operation efficiency. Two large-scale surveys were conducted by the “Basic Education in Western Areas Project”（2006-2008）on the situations of basic education in western China. Based on the survey data， we evaluated the operation efficiency of primary schools in western China using data envelopment analysis（DEA） and analyzed the factors influencing the efficiency in the second stage with Tobit regression model. The conclusions include:（1）There are large between-school differences in efficiency scores. The complete primary schools in villages（with all 6 grades）have higher efficiency score than do the Nine-year schools and the key primary schools in township;（2）Economy of scale also exists in rural primary schools， and the current average scale of sample schools is lower than the optimal level. Therefore， it is a feasible way to improve school operation efficiency through rearranging rural primary schools and enlarging school scale （depending on local conditions）;（3）Increasing books in school libraries is a cost effective way to improve school production efficiency.