我国高等教育地区差距的实证分析

The Empirical Analysis on Regional Differences of Higher Education Institutions in China

高等教育资源的空间配置是一个国家内部不同区域经济社会发展差距的重要原因之一。本文在总结前人研究分析的基础上，运用泰尔指数作为基本指标对我国2002年的高等教育、人口、经济和城市资料进行了实证分析。我们发现：（1）我国高等教育资源在行政区内的分布呈现不均衡状态，且相对于人口分布的不均衡要高于相对于收入分布的不均衡。（2）是否考虑高等教育质量因素对于高等教育资源空间分布均衡性的判断影响不大。（3）高等教育分布的地区差距主要是由行政区内的不均衡造成的，行政区之间的不均衡影响较小。（4）城市化率与泰尔指数的四个指标都是呈负相关关系。也就是说，各行政区泰尔指数越小，高等教育资源分布相对越均衡，该行政区城市化程度就越高。最后，本研究为我国高等教育空阍布局调整提供了相应的参考建议。

The distribution of higher education institutions shows the resource allocation higher education. Based on former researchers’ work， this article adopts a series indexes to analyze empirically the data of higher education， population， economy and city. We find (1) the higher education resource allocation remains unbalanced within the district. Comparing with GDP， the higher education is more unbalanced according to the population within the district. (2) After considering the quality of higher education， the results are quite same as the distribution of higher education institutions. (3) The distribution disparity of higher education in China are more attributed to unbalanced within the districts， and less between the districts. (4) The urbanization is negatively correlated with the Theil indexes. The smaller the Theil indexes in some district， the higher the urbanization in this district. Finally， this article makes some advices about how to adjust the spatial distribution of higher education of higher education institutions.