高等学校为什么要分类以及怎样分类？──加州高等教育规划分类体系与卡内基高等教育机构分类的比较

What Makes the Classification of Higher Education Institutions Necessary and How to Make it Possible?─A Comparison between the California Master Plan for Higher Education and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education

加州高等教育规划分类体系和卡内基高等教育机构分类分别是规划性分类及描述性分类的典型代表，两者在分类的目的、机构、标准和方式等方面都有着很大的不同，但两者出台的背景和原因却有着很大的相似之处。本文从研究这两种分类入手，并结合我国当前高等教育的发展，得出如下结论：高等学校分类是高等教育规模扩张后的必然要求，分类本身不是目的，通过分类所要达到的是高等教育的多样化发展。

The California Master Plan for Higher Education and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education， two prescriptive and descriptive classifications respectively， they boast their similarity in terms of background， though varying greatly in their aims， organizations， criteria and models. Taking China’s higher education development into consideration， this paper carries out analysis on these two classifications and comes to the conclusion that the classifications result from quick expansion of higher education and they benefit the diversification of higher education.