理解教育政策：现象、问题和价值

Understanding Education Policy：Phenomena, Issues, and Values

如何理解教育政策，这是教育政策研究者常常感到困惑的问题。本文从教育政策现象出发，解析政策现象之中蕴涵的政策问题及其本质，进而以教育的凖公共产品属性为认识基础，认为教育政策就是作为公共权威的政府为了解决相互冲突的对教育产品的不同需求，通过对教育中所负载的价值的选择，从而提供的不同类型的解决方案采取的政府行为。这种理解融合了”自上而下”和”自下而上”看待教育政策的视角，关注了教育政策的多维度、公共性和”价值负载”的性质。

How to understand education policy often puzzles education policy researchers. This paper first aims to analyze education policy issues and their nature in the policy phenomena. Then， based on educational attribute as a kind of quasi—public goods， it concludes that education policy is that the government， as the public authority， provides different types of solutions and government’s behaviors in order to meet the conflicting needs for educational products through choosing the values laden in the education. This analysis integrates the two perspectives of educational policy：”from bottom to top” and “from top to bottom”， and as a result， highlights the multi—dimensional， public and value—laden characteristics of education policy.