杜威、孟禄访华与中国高等教育界的派别纷争

Dewey and Monroe’s Visit to China and the Conflicts among Different Groups of Chinese Higher Education

1920年前后，中国教育界就 “是否应保持独立的高等师范教育体系”展开了激烈论争，时值美国教育专家杜威、孟禄相继访华，南北各派学人借机争夺二人以壮本派声威，谋求中国教育变革的龙实地位。不同的学术团体和个人推动、接受或抗拒高等等师范教育制度变革的背后，牵连的是民国教育界各种派系的人事关系和学校存废、发展方向的现实问题。杜威、孟禄访华期间的许多事件反映了当时中国教育界各方力量的较量和势力消长，以及学人矛盾对近代教育制度变革的巨大影响。

In around 1920， there was a heated debate on whether or not the Chinese educational field should keep the independence of the senior normal education system. It was that time that Mr. Dewey and Monroe visited China successively. To get the leading position in the Chinese education reform， groups from south and north respectively made a good use of the two American educators to enhance their own reputation. Behind the various academic groups’ and individuals’ supporting， accepting or resisting the reform on the senior normal education system， there were complicated practical issues on personnel relations， preservation and abolishment of schools， and developing direction confronted by the different groups of the educational field in the period of Republic of China. Many events happened during Mr. Dewey and Mr. Monroe’s visiting China and reflected the competitions among the different groups of China’s education field and the ebb and flow of their influence. It also revealed the great impact of the conflicts among the scholars on the reform of Chinese Modern Educational System.