大学和学院组织模型：历史演化的视角

Models of Colleges and Universities as Organizations：An Evolutionary Perspective

在过去五六十年里，高等教育研究者提出了多种高等教育组织模型，它它们来理解和解释美国大学和学院的组织能力。本文通过建立一个概念框架，试图解释它们的建立和发展过程。在概念框架中，”变化着的环境条件”是第一驱动力，它形成了”学校管理挑战”，影响和改变了”我们对主要行业的概念”，从而通过它们间接地影响着大学和学院的运行机制。研究者提出的各种大学和学院组织模型就是从不同的侧面反映环境对组织的影响。

In past five or six decades， a few organizational models have been developed to understand and explain behaviors of colleges and universities in the United States. How have they been developed？A conceptual framework is created to analyze the evolution of the models. In the conceptual framework， Changing Environmental Conditions are the primary driving forces affecting two other components：Institutional Management Challenges and Conception of Our Primary Industry. Through the latter two components， changing environmental conditions influence emerging organizational models. All organizational models reflect relationship between environments and organizations by emphasizing some aspects.