全球化背景下高等教育领域中的政府角色变迁

The Changing Role of the State vis—à—vis Higher Education in a Global Context

20世纪80年代以来，世界各国的高等教育领域都发生了一系列旨在重构政府、高校以及学生之间关系的改革。许多国家的高等教育系统都不同程度地受到了市场力量的影响。与此同时，传统的国家和高等教育的关系也发生了重大变化，本文拟将这一高等教育领域的新变化放在一个更宏观的大时代背景，即全球化的历史背景下来探讨其成因，并描述在此新背景下，政府对于高等教育所扮演的新的角色是什么，政府角色转变背后的实质又是什么。最后，本文选择了几个较为典型的国家分析了在这种类似实质背后各国政府角色变迁的个性化特征。

Since 1980s， a series of reforms that aimed to reconstruct the relationships among the government， the university， and the students（consumer）have been initiated in higher education systems. In varying degrees， these higher education systems were affected by the market forces. Given this， the relationship between the state and higher education has also been changed significantly. The purpose of this paper is to view recent changes in higher education in the historic context of globalization . It attempts to trace the source of these changes and to depict， against a new background， the new role of the state vis—à—vis higher education. It also seeks to illuminate the rationale behind the changing role of the state. By using the experiences of selected countries as illustrations， this paper will discuss the salient features of the state’s role change in various contexts.