精英主义与单位制度—对中国大学组织与管理的案例研究

Institutionalized Elitism and Danwei System：An Ethnographic Study of Organizational and Management of a Chinese Key University

与北美大学相比，中国大学的组织与管理有两点根本不同：制度化的精英主义和单位制度，其它不同均源于此。这两点植根于中国共产党的革命传统和中国的集体主义文化传统，因此这些特征不会迅速发生根本性变化。在过去的十余年，制度化的精英主义依然如故，但单位制度却受到市场化改革的严重挑战。本研究所考察的大学仍保持其单位制度，但学校里的某些变化开始改变其性质。本文进而讨论了这些变化及其可能的影响。

This paper argue that institutionalized elitism and danwei system are two essential characters of organization and management of universities in China. Embedded in the revolutionary tradition of the CCP（Chinese Communist Party）and the heritage of Chinese collectivism culture， these two characters are unlikely changed thoroughly in a short period. In the past decade， the institutionalized elitism still remain unchanged， but the danwei system has encountered serious challenges from the market reform in China. Although danwei system has still been kept in the university examined as a case in the present study， some changes occurring in this campus has gradually exercised an influence on the nature of its system. The changes and their possible significances are further discussed.