全球化与大学 — 不平等世界的神话与现实

Globalization and the University：Myths and Realities in an Unequal World

关于全球化对高等教育的影响，已经有许多讨论了。有人认为，全球化、互联网与科学共同体可以使各国在知识相互依存的新时代，在高等教育这一竞技场获得平等的机会。有人则宣称，全球化不但意味着世界性的不平等，而且会导致大学“麦当劳化“ 。也有人认为，当前高等教育所面临的压力，从高等教育大众化到私立高等教育的增长，都是全球化的结果。在这些假设中，有些是正确的、符合实际的，但是也存在不少误解。本文的目的在于“揭示“高等教育全球化与国际化的真实状况，着重讨论全球化对高等教育的一些影响方式。本文特别关注的：全球化在怎样影响着发展中国家，特别是那些在未来几十年面临着高等教育规模扩展的国家。

Much has been said about the impact of globalization on higher education. Some have argued that globalization， the Internet， and the scientific community will level the playing field in the new age of knowledge interdependence. Others claim that globalization means both worldwide inequality and the McDonaldization of the university. It is argued that all of the contemporary pressures on higher education， from the pressures of massification to the growth of the private sector are the results of globalization. There is a grain of truth in all of these hypotheses—and a good deal of misinterpretation as well. The purpose of this essay it to “unpack” the realities of globalization and internationalization in higher education and do highlight some of the ways in which globalization affects the university. Of special interest here is how globalization is affecting higher education in developing countries—the nations that will experience the bulk of higher education expansion in developing countries—the nations that will experience the bulk of higher education expansion in the coming decades.