学术劳动力市场的特性与研究型大的教师聘用制度

On Characteristics of Academic Labor Market and Tenure System of Research Universities

与非学术劳动市市场相比，学术劳动之市场受到更多社会制度和规范的约束，表现在学术人员的工作具有更大的保障和稳定性、学术人员工资的变动弹性较小。在学术劳动力市场机制的作用下，研究型大学形成了特殊的教师聘用制度。以终身教授制为代表的教师聘用制度，既具有保护学术自由的制度含义，也具有提高效率和激励作用的经济含义，是制度和效率有机作用的结果。在借鉴大学管理的国际经验、建立中国现代大学治理结构时，设计一个兼顾社会制度与效率因素的教师聘用制度是关键所在，而我国目前缺少办学自主权是制约大学学术自由和效率提高的瓶颈。

In contrast to non—academic labor market， academic labor market is more social—constrained. As a result， academics obtain more job security and stability， and their salaries are less elastic to demand—supply balance. Under the impacts of the academic labor market， the employment policies in research universities are shaped and particularly embodied in the tenure system. The tenure system plays dual roles：protection of academic freedom， and advancement of economic efficiency. In the process of developing a governmental structure for China’s modern universities， Chinese universities can learn from international experience by designing a personnel system that combines academic norms and efficiency incentives. It will lead to a system with institutional autonomy， which will be beneficial to the academic freedom and efficiency.