我国高等学校分类的结构设计

Structural Designing of Classification of Higher Educational Institutions in China

从精英阶段到大众化的阶段，多样化将逐歩成为新时期中国高等教育发展的主要特征。高等学校分类发展是社会和教育自身双重选择的结果，其理论依据包括劳动力市场分割理论和学校能级理论。目前我国学者对高等学校分类的研究主要是一种分类的思路，本研究通过对主要发达国家高等学校结构特点的分析发现，高等学校按层次和类型分类的共存与交融是高等教育大众化后所呈现的一种规律。本文运用层次和类型两个分析框架构建了高等学校分类体系，并对其问题和今后的政策方向进行初歩探讨。

A new ear of development has dawned in China’s higher education， which is making the transition from an elite system to a mass system， and diversity is becoming the most important feature of the system. Classification of higher education institutions is influenced by theories of labor market segregation and institutional capacity. At present a model of classification—by—level is being used by scholars in China， it is argued in this paper that with the development of mass higher education it is necessary to adopt a combined model， i.e.， combing classification—by—level and classification—by—type， in classifying Chinese higher education institutions. Relevant issues and policy implications are also discussed in the paper.