从大众高等教育到普及高等教育

From Mass Higher Education to Universal Access：The American Advantage

新信息技术的发展要求对普及高等教育的本质进行反思，并对其所需条件的认识进行更新，这涉及到高等教育制度结和对待高等教育态度的深刻变革。精英形式的高等教育需进行重新定位。本文在比较的背景下主要分析了美国及欧洲社会的高等教育在走向普及形式的过程中面临危机的原因，认为美国特有的结构特征和文化特征赋予了其独特优势。而技术发展的不确定性及各国经济、社会结构的差异性决定了通过新技术扩大入学机会将采取不断实验的方式进行。

The development of IT requires that we rethink the nature of universal access and revise the conception of the condition needed for it， which involves profound changes in both institutional structures and attitudes regarding higher education. We have to answer what role the elite forms of Higher Education can play in providing universal access. The article analyses in a comparative context why the crisis arises out of the higher education in the United States and in European societies， and concludes that the unique structural and cultural features add up to a distinct American advantage in the move to universal access. The uncertainties of technological developments and the different economy and social structures indifferent societies make it necessary that the expansion of access through the new technologies will take the form of a continuing series of experiments.