20世纪90年代中国城镇教育收益率的变化与启示

Rates of Return to Schooling in Urban China：Changes in the 1990s

随着市场经济改革的深入进行及知识经济的萌芽，与20世纪90年代中国经济发展和教育规模扩大相伴随的是各级教育收益率水平的显著提高。对中国城镇就业人员跨年度的抽样数据分析显示，在中国城镇，教育收益率水平 90年代初期以前大大低于国际水平的状况基本得到了扭转。截止2000年，中国教育收益率水平虽然略低于国际平均水平，但已与后者逐歩接近。进一歩的分析发现。在竞争性的经济部门以及年轻的就业者中，教育具有更高的收益率。该结果从两个角度验证了在中国经济转型的过程中，随着劳动力市场化程度的提高，教育的收益率得到了提高。

Along with the market—oriented economic reform and the emergence of knowledge—based economy， the rate of return（ROR）to schooling in China has been experiencing a substantial raise during the 1990s despite the economic growth and expansion of education. A multi—year cross—sectional analysis shows that the discrepancy between the ROR to schooling in China and the international average is significantly reduced and by the year 2000， the ROR to schooling in China had reached 8.5%. Further study shows that ROR to schooling in China had reached 8.5%. Further study shows that ROR to schooling in competitive sector and in younger employees are higher， suggesting the relationship between education benefit and labor marketability.